Se encontraron 4 investigaciones
La pandemia por la Covid 19 viene generando un impacto significativo en la salud mental, y una población especialmente afectada son los jóvenes. Una encuesta realizada a estudiantes universitarios reveló sintomatología severa y extremadamente severa de estrés (32%), ansiedad (39%) y depresión (39%), así como que 19.1% había pensado en el suicidio (Consorcio de universidades, 2021). Con la pandemia, el trabajo, el estudio y las relaciones migraron hacia la comunicación vía plataformas digitales, y la atención terapéutica se desplazó a la teleterapia. En este contexto, resulta relevante revisar la experiencia de dos años de atención por teleterapia, con el fin de aportar a la comprensión del tratamiento de dificultades en la salud mental. En particular, este estudio busca identificar elementos de la interacción terapéutica que facilitaron el cambio psicológico, y analizar su contribución en el tratamiento. Para ello, se plantea estudiar 5 procesos exitosos de teleterapia focal de 12 sesiones, con universitarios que presentaban sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva. El éxito del proceso terapéutico será determinado por la disminución sintomatológica registrada en las Escalas de Ansiedad Generalizada (GAD-7) y de Depresión (PHQ-9). Este estudio plantea realizar un análisis cualitativo de la interacción gestual afectiva que acompaña los episodios de cambio psicológico (fragmentos de diálogo que constituyen transformaciones en las representaciones que el paciente tiene acerca de sí y sus relaciones, Krause et al., 2006). La interacción gestual afectiva será recogida a partir del programa Face Reader Recognition (Noldus Information Technology, 2015) y a partir de ello se buscará construir secuencias de interacción que nos informen sobre aspectos de la relación terapéutica facilitadores de cambio, aportando comprensión sobre las competencias terapéuticas relevantes para atender a poblaciones afectadas similares.
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Children develop an attachment bond with main caregivers with whom they interact on a regular basis. The study of father-child attachment relationships is important to uncover interactional processes characteristic of those relationships that may help us understand associations reported between child attachment security in the father-child relationship and other developmental outcomes, e.g., sociability and behavior problems (Lamb et.al., 1982; Verschueren & Marcoen 1999). Although some studies on child-father attachment relationships have been conducted (see meta-analysis by Lucassen et al., 2011), research on the topic is scant and has taken place during infancy using the strange situation. We know little about child-father attachment relationships beyond infancy, in settings where the relationship is forged, e.g., home, and in different cultural contexts. We will present results from an ongoing cross-cultural study (samples from Peru and the US) on the associations between paternal sensitivity and preschoolers security in naturalistic settings.
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Massie-Campbell Attachment During Stress Scale (ADS, Massie and Campbell, 1983) is a useful tool for research and large-scale attachment evaluation. However, evidence of its psychometric properties is yet scarce. To evaluate ADS's convergent and concurrent validity, two analyses were carried out. First, classifications given by ADS's child scale and Attachment Q-Set scores (AQS, Waters, 1995) were compared. Then, relation between ADS's children classification and children¿s mothers sensitivity measured by Maternal Behavior Q Sort (MBQS 2.1, Pederson & Moran, 1995) was analyzed. Finally, to evaluate diagnostic accuracy, ADS's sensitivity and specificity were computed. Participants were 32 children between 8 and 10 months from a province near to Lima, Peru. Most of them were boys (62.5%). Mothers were from 19 to 44 years old (M = 29.6, SD = 6.28). They participated at larger study to evaluate children attachment and other children and maternal variables. Results show that ADS's child classification is related to AQS's continuous scores (r = .408, p = .021) and to AQS¿s dichotomous classifications [X2 (1, N = 32) = 4.69, p = 0.030, d = 0.83]. Maternal sensitivity scores between mothers of secure children and mothers of insecure children -as classified by ADS- didn't differ (M secure = .245, SD secure = .218, M non-secure = .017, SD non-secure = .219, t = 2.446, gl = 30, p = .021, d = 0.89). Finally, since ADS's sensitivity did not reach satisfactory level (33.3%, 95% CI = [15.48, 56.90]), a new cut-off point is proposed. It improves its sensitivity and maintains satisfactory level of specificity (sensitivity 47.6%, 95% CI = [4.26; 69.7]; specificity 90.9 %, 95% CI = [57.1; 99.5]). These results reveal that ADS could be a better instrument for research objectives than for diagnostic ones. This and other implications are discussed considering methodological limitations.
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Sensitivity hypothesis holds that quality of care is related to the children attachment (van IJzerdoorn & Sagi, 2008). Further, this specific interactions are internalized in internal working models (Bowlby, 1973). The contribution of maternal care in attachment has been corroborated in several studies (Atkinson et al., 2005), but there is less evidence about the paternal care (Lucassen et al., 2011). This study explore the relation between paternal sensitivity, children security and their attachment representations in a Peruvian group of father-child dyads. Fathers were from 27 to 50 years old (M = 35.28, SD = 7.90) and their children were between 48 and 68 months old (M = 58.5, SD = 6.64). Sensitivity was assessed using an adaptation of the Maternal Behavior for Preschoolers Q-Set (Posada et al., 2007), security through Attachment Q-Set (Waters, 1995) and attachment representations with the Attachment Story Completion Task (Bretherton, Ridgeway and Cassidy, 1990). Results reveal that there is a high, direct and significant correlation between paternal sensitivity and security of his child (r = .58, r2 = .30, IC 95% = [.23, .83], p = .01). Partial correlation between them controlling attachment representations decrease and loose significance (r = .43, r2 = .19, IC 95% = [-.07; .78], p = .08). The role of preschoolers¿ attachment representations and paternal care for secure base behavior is discussed.
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