Se encontraron 36 investigaciones
The work concerns the development of a Health Sector Contingency Plan (HSCP) against a strong earthquake in Lima Metropolitan, Callao and Lima¿s provinces. The plan responds to the urgent need to count with an operational tool in order to organize the response of the health sector after the impact of a strong earthquake. The overall objective of the HSCP is to provide the health attention to injured during the first seven days and with emphasis in the first 72 hours in the aftermath of a seismic event. The specific objectives of the contingency plan are as follows: ¿ determine the risk scenarios that can affect the health sector in case of an earthquake; ¿ establish the organization and the response of the health sector during the emergency; ¿ determine the operational procedures necessary for the health sector to face the emergency. The plan determines the responsibilities and the actions that must be implemented in case of an emergency. The HSCP contains the general information of the hospital system analyzed, the seismic risk analysis, the responsibilities and actions for the alert, the coordination, the response, the resources mobilization and the business continuity that key stuff must follow during emergency. Furthermore, the work includes two improved models to assess the response of the hospitals in the aftermath of a seismic event. First of all, a Basics Seismic Response Capability (BSRC) assessment and then the Hospitals Treatment Capacity (HTC) are presented. The first model had the objective to assess in first instance the performance of the health facilities during the emergency response phase; while the second one had the goal to quantify the number of people that can be surgically traded in the aftermath of a seismic event. Both the model are based on a probabilistic damage model, but the first one had the limitation to analyze only seismic acceleration until 0.25 g, whereas the second one can investigate seismic acceleration for any return pe
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El estudio se enmarca en las líneas de investigación del Sencico y de la PUCP, orientadas a la reducción de la vulnerabilidad de les edificaciones y al desarrollo de alternativas para el mejoramiento de la vivienda. En este estudio se pretende determinar la efectividad del refuerzo sísmico de malla de cuerdas sintéticas en viviendas de adobe de dos pisos. Incluye el diseño, construcción y ensayos de simulación sísmica, de cuatro modelos de vivienda de adobe en dos pisos, a escala reducida 1:2. Dos de ellos serán representativos de la construcción tradicional sin refuerzo y los dos restantes serán reforzados con cuerdas sintéticas. Para determinar el efecto del factor de escala, se ensayarán a carga lateral cíclica dos muros a escala natural y dos muros a escala 1:2.
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This research aims to develop an innovative and simplified methodology with solid technical and scientific bases that can help decision makers in selecting the political strategies, the concerning prioritization of interventions, and their intervention types in the pre-disaster and post-disaster phases. It is based on the community resilience concept, Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) methods, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). More specifically, in order to identify the most optimal political strategy, a cost-benefit indicator and a resilience index have been determined. They are useful and innovative indicators to measure post-disaster community recovery. These indicators could predict potential economic and functional losses associated with a future disaster, as well as the possible community's responses. Policy makers, researchers, professional engineers, planners and emergency managers could use the developed methodology as a reference point able to optimize the allocation of economic resources and guarantee an efficient seismic risk mitigation on large territorial scale.
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En las últimas décadas la población de Lima ha mostrado un crecimiento exponencial acompañado de una expansión urbana desorganizada. La capital del Perú ha tenido una expansión horizontal con una proliferación de viviendas y edificaciones de pocos pisos (hasta 2-3 plantas), construidos en su mayoría con ladrillos de arcilla cocida. Se estima que un 52% de las viviendas peruanas son construidas con sistema de albañilería confinada y de éstas un 60% de viviendas es autoconstruida (CAPECO, 2014). El problema de la autoconstrucción conlleva a que estas viviendas tengan un mal comportamiento sísmico ante un evento de mediana o gran magnitud. Por lo tanto, se hace necesario conocer el comportamiento estructural de este tipo de construcciones. En este trabajo se realizará el estudio de muros de albañilería construidos con unidades de arcilla de fabricación industrial pero bajo mano de obra informal. Para ello se pretende realizar nueve (9) ensayos de muros sometidos a cargas laterales cíclicas en su plano y así calcular las curvas de capacidad (fuerza vs desplazamiento). Los ensayos se realizarán en el laboratorio de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú para muros a escala natural (medidas aproximadas 2,60 x 0,13 x 2,50 m), siguiendo los lineamientos del FEMA 461. Se ensayarán tres (3) muros con carga vertical y seis (3) muros sin carga vertical. De estos últimos, tres (3) muros se ensayarán hasta un límite de reparabilidad (deriva 1/200) con la finalidad de repararlos y ensayarlos nuevamente. Como parte preliminar a los ensayos cíclicos se realizarán los ensayos de control especificados por la NTP (Norma Técnica Peruana), tales como absorción, alabeo y variación dimensional.
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El riesgo sísmico en las viviendas de albañilería confinada de Lima es muy alto. Con el fin de mitigarlo es necesario estimar la vulnerabilidad de viviendas de albañilería. La configuración estructural de las viviendas de albañilería confinada de la ciudad de Lima es muy variada. En ese sentido, es necesario el uso de métodos de evaluación simplificada que permitan tomar en cuenta las diversas tipologías de viviendas. En esta investigación se estiman curvas de fragilidad y de vulnerabilidad de viviendas típicas de albañilería de la ciudad de Lima a partir de curvas de capacidad simplificadas. Para ello se utilizará el método ¿SP-BELA¿. Este método consiste en el estudio del elemento estructural crítico que participa en el mecanismo de colapso de la estructura. Se asume que éste representa el comportamiento integral de la estructura. Esta evaluación se hace a partir del factor de colapso y el factor de corrección por torsión, entre otros factores.
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Stone masonry is one of the oldest type of constructions in the world due to the natural and free availability of stones and the easy construction. The walls are basically used to transfer vertical loads to the foundation and are the principal resistant elements to horizontal actions. Since stone masonry has a brittle behaviour, unfortunately every time an earthquake occurs there is a lot of damage, collapse and causalities. Recently, some researchers have performed experimental tests to improve the knowledge of the stone masonry (e.g. diagonal compression, monotonic, cyclic and dynamic tests). However, there is still the necessity to reproduce the seismic behaviour by using numerical approaches as finite element and discrete element methods. In this work a simplified procedure to reproduce a diagonal compression and a shear compression test of a rubble stone masonry is proposed within the finite element method. Since the bond between stones is the most influence part in the seismic behaviour of the complete masonry, the procedure here represents the stone units as rigid bodies and the mortar by a plasticity material with compression and tension degradation. This methodology allows to reduce degrees of freedom in the numerical models and to save computation time, reproducing the experimental tests with good accuracy in terms of capacity and failure pattern.
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This work presents a state-of-the-art review of the nonlinear modelling techniques available today for describing the structural behaviour of masonry infills and their interaction with Reinforced Concrete (RC) frames subjected to in-plane loads. Following brief overviews on the behaviour of masonry-infilled RC frames and on the results of salient experimental tests, three modelling approaches are discussed in more detail: the micro, the meso and the macro approaches. The first models each of the infilled frame elements as separate brick units, mortar, concrete and steel reinforcement, while the second approach treats the masonry infill as a continuum. The paper focuses on the third approach, which combines frame elements for the beams and columns with one or more equivalent struts for the infill panel. Due to its relative simplicity and computational speed, the macro model technique is more widely used today, though not all proposed models capture the main effects of the frame-infill interaction.
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The amplification of the ground motion at the surface is greatly influenced by the geotechnical characteristics of the soil formations below the ground surface. Traditionally, analyses of the ground response are deterministic, which means no consideration of the aleatory nature of geotechnical parameters of soil layers like density, shear wave velocity, etc. A fully stochastic procedure for estimating the site amplification of ground motion allows taking into account the record-to-record variability in an input ground motion and the uncertainty in dynamic soil properties and in the definition of the soil model. In particular, their effect on response spectra at the ground surface can be evaluated. In this work the soil profile below the San Felice Martire church, at Poggio Picenze (L¿Aquila area, Abruzzo, Central Italy), has been studied basically on field geologic observations and drilling and geophysical tests retrieved from previous investigation campaigns. The dynamic soil properties were obtained by literature and by the test results. Amplification effects at the site under investigation have been estimated using fully 1D stochastic site response analyses and for the object motion 7 real records compatible to the Italian code-based spectrum referred to 475-year return period. The results in terms of accelerograms and acceleration response spectrum (with the associated dispersion) indicated a clear amplification of the input motion at the basement of San Felice Martire church due to the lithostratigraphic characteristics of the soil deposits at the site under investigation.
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